Tuesday, August 26, 2008

Poor Objections and Virtue Politics

One thing that annoys me about the Stanford article is the response to the objections posed. The article lays out several objections which I myself had when reading it and which Hursthouse also goes into in the abortion article. One objection is the cultural relative argument. What one person finds virtuous another person can find sinful. In which case, their ways of life will contradict. The only real counter argument I found to the objection is that it says “well the other form of ethics has that problem to” and also “even more so.” This isn’t a real counter argument and only delays solving the problem. Yes, action based ethics does run into a problem with cultural relativism, but saying it does as well does not solve the problem of it existing in virtue ethics. An attempt at a more thought out argument should at least be made. The same goes for the conflict objection which states that sometimes virtues may conflict within a person. The counter-argument applied to this objection is “the same problem arises in action based ethics” which is not a real counter point. Then again, I don’t know if the article was really trying to counter the objections to virtue ethics or merely just stating them. I would think though that a counter-argument against these two claims is a matter of priorities. People often prioritize their virtues based on culture, upbringing and simple personal preference. Although being able to prioritize doesn’t reject the claim of relativism it does deal with it in a way the articles don’t go into. Also on a side not, the end of the article talks about “virtue politics” and whether it can exist is unclear. But I feel “virtue politics” is something politicians use to create façade of a noble countryman. For instance, during an election politicians will try to label themselves as trustworthy and honorable in order to secure votes. But then again, whether or not “virtue politics” exists on a level of policy making I’m not sure.

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

I would like to defend Hursthouse and virtue ethics against your claims that the objections aren’t adequately answered. First I want to say that Hursthouse is putting out safe claims that aren’t too powerful in order to come off as approachable and to keep some of her more powerful personal beliefs from hindering her argument. If she made radically bold claims, people who might be inclined towards virtue ethics could be turned off by mistaking one of Hursthouse’s own strong claims for a claim that isn’t necessarily entailed by a weaker form of virtue ethics. She makes it known that she is doing this on at least one occasion on p.226 “I will not even claim here (though I would elsewhere)…” The weak claim “deontology and utilitarianism also suffer from such problems” is an attempt to say that virtue ethics isn’t in a uniquely-weak position, while not creating a specific response that could be picked apart leaving virtue ethics looking very vulnerable.
On the specific issue of relativism/pluralism, Hursthouse did put out a response – in the footnote on p.228. Her response is that while pluralism can exist insofar as two different people (or groups of people) might think that leading a flourishing life means living life a different way (and they could both be virtuous/flourishing). However, these groups of people may not believe the other group is living an unvirtuous/vicious/unflourishing lifestyle, or one of them is obviously not as virtuous as the other (meaning the other is wrong in their beliefs). A more concrete explanation of this is that the two people may live their lives exploiting different virtues or the same virtue in a different; however, one of them could believe that he is living a virtuous life when he actually is not.